Their size may however grow in proportion to growth of the body. Hyperpigmentation vs hypopigmentation skin disorders. Patients with extensive disease may be candidates for depigmentation therapy. Pigmentation disorders are often more troublesome in skin of colour. Hypopigmented definition of hypopigmented by medical.
Pityriasis alba, a relatively common skin disorder in children and young adults, is characterized by the presence of illdefined, scaly, faintly erythematous patches. With this technique, only a small patch of the patients normally pigmented. The main sign of skin deco is pigment loss that produces milkywhite patches depigmentation on your skin. Hypopigmentation or socalled leukoderma or leukomelanosis 9,10 is found in chronic arsenic exposed people in which the hypopigmented macules take a spotty, white appearance. Clinical assessment skin up to bates table 65 flashcards. Dermoscopy is a new diagnostic tool in diagnosis of common. The shagreen patch, a fleshy, irregular plaque often found on the lower back, is another characteristic finding in patients with tuberous sclerosis. In the right conditions, such as warm, oily, and moist skin, the yeast malassezia can overgrow and cause a rash consisting of tan, pink, brown, or. Vitiligo is a common acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by depigmented macules and patches that appear chalk or milkwhite in color. A clinicoepidemiological study of hypopigmented and depigmented. Here we briefly cover each of those different conditions. Oval ash leaf hypopigmented macules are the earliest cutaneous sign of. More often than not, almost everyone relates skin pigmentation problems with hyperpigmentation, a phenomenon where the skin or patches of skin becomes darker.
Start studying clinical assessment skin up to bates table 65. Dec 07, 2017 hypopigmentation refers to patches of skin that are lighter than your overall skin tone. The melanocytes of darkskinned people produce more melanin than those of people with light skin. Common causes of hyperpigmentation include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides freckles, and cafeaulait macules. Note the pigmented and depigmented hairs within the affected area.
Vitiligo is a common disorder that causes macules and patches of hypopigmentation and depigmentation in patients. Hypopigmented definition of hypopigmented by medical dictionary. Racehypopigmented patches occur in all racial groups but are much more noticeable. Apr 01, 2007 this page will be removed from your favorites links. Dec 04, 2017 hypopigmentation is the loss of skin pigment or color.
If the lesions are hypopigmented, the name pityriasis versicolor alba has been used. Pityriasis alba is characterized by oval but poorly demarcated, slightly scaly, hypopigmented macules or patches located on the face typically the cheeks, upper trunk, or extensor surfaces of the arms fig. Vitiligo is characterized clinically by depigmented macules and patches that correspond histologically to a decrease or absence of melanocytes in the epidermis. If your skin cells dont produce enough melanin, the skin can lighten.
Common pigmentation disorders american family physician. For people with darker skin, hypopigmentation may also result in stigma. Your skins pigmentation, or color, is based on the production of a substance called melanin. Piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by a congenital white forelock and multiple symmetrical hypopigmented or depigmented macules.
Extensive cases may resemble the hypopigmented form of tinea versicolor, especially if hypopigmentation involves the face. Cafeaulait macules are amenable to surgical excision or laser treatment. Multiple 25mm hypopigmented, hyperpigmented, or tan round to oval macules on upper neck. Apr 20, 2020 piebaldism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder of melanocyte development characterized by a congenital white forelock and multiple symmetrical hypopigmented or depigmented macules. Achromic naevus is an uncommon birthmark naevus characterised by a welldefined pale patch. A segmental pattern occasionally occurs, usually in children. In piebaldism, the white patches are both congenital and stable in size and shape.
Depigmented definition of depigmented by medical dictionary. In vitiligo, the patches are completely depigmented and very well demarcated. Devoid of normal skin coloring or lighter in color than surrounding skin, as in vitiligo. The surface is usually normal but scaling may be present if the underlying cause is scaly such as eczema or psoriasis. Vitiligo often follows trauma, with disease common on extensor sites, such as the hands, elbows, and knees. This follows the same distribution as hyperpigmentation. As most malassezia species are lipiddependent, pytiriasis versicolor is commonly seen in adolescence, associated with a high sebaceous activity in the skin. Melasma an example of hyperpigmentation is melasma.
In addition, hypopigmented patches with scaly, raised, erythematous borders were observed on the back, abdomen, legs, thighs, and buttocks figure 1. The patient recalled that the lesions initially had begun approximately 10 years ago as a few small lighter areas on the extensor aspect of the forearms and shins. It is caused by melanocyte or melanin depletion, or a decrease in the amino. Vitiligo tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor postinflammatory hypopigmentation pityriasis alba idiopathic guttate. Acquired hypopigmentation disorders other than vitiligo uptodate. Premature whitening or graying of the hair on your scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows or beard, it is white spots or patches on your skin. Dermoscopy, diagnosis, hypopigmented macules, vitiligo. If dark patches are observed, the main diagnoses to consider are. The depigmented patches are sharply delineated, surrounded by normal or darker skin, and are usually symmetrical.
There are topical medications that sometimes help, and lightbased procedures like ipl, excimer lasers, and the fraxel restore laser can also. See dermnets article on pigmentation disorders for more details. Multiple hypopigmented to depigmented macules present over fingertips figure 2, forearms, groins and penis. Tinea versicolor, also known as pityriasis versicolor, is a common noncancerous benign skin condition caused by surface superficial infection with a yeast that commonly lives on the skin.
The disease has predilection for darkskinned individuals. Inflammatory vitiligo versus hypopigmented mycosis. The most common pigmentation abnormality is poliosis, while other less commonly encountered abnormalities include depigmented white patches of skin and pigmentary abnormalities of the iris, such as heterochromia irides differently colored eyes, partial heterochromia irides. These lesions eventually subside, leaving hypopigmented areas that then slowly return to. See detailed information below for a list of 11 causes of hypopigmented patches of skin, symptom checker, including diseases and drug side effect causes. Hypopigmentation developed around the scar in the form of a halo about 2 weeks after the last injection and a linear hypopigmented streak progressed proximally over the forearm. The lesion morphology, color hypopigmented or depigmented, distribution, and pattern are important clues to the diagnosis.
Pdf a clinicoepidemiological study of hypopigmented and. However, there is another pigmentation issue where the skin becomes lighter. This page will be removed from your favorites links. Depigmented patches with an annular inflammatory border depigmented patches with an annular inflammatory border swick, b. Nov 26, 2019 a macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter cm wide. Daniel jun yi wong, medical student, university of melbourne, australia, 20. In localized hypopigmentation, there may be multiple patches or areas on the skin that appear.
A hypopigmented patch on a 7yearolds back consultant360. A welldefined, hypopigmented, irregularly shaped, confluent macules forming a patch that is usually found on the trunk. It is characterized by congenital depigmentation and craniofacial abnormalities. Hypopigmented mycosis fungoides hmf is an atypical, rare and unique variant of mycosis fungoides characterized by solely hypopigmented patches or in combination with erythematous patches or plaques. Depigmented to hypopigmented macules and patches of size ranging from 0. A practical classification of childhood hypopigmentation disorders. A case of childhood onset hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. Hypopigmentation, which was described as part of the raindroplike appearance 16 and as a. Its course is indolent for several years and thus source of delayed diagnosis. Hypopigmentation refers to patches of skin that are lighter than your overall skin tone. Hyperpigmentation can also be caused by various drugs, including some antibiotics, antiarrhythmics, and antimalarial drugs. The pigment cells or melanocytes are located at the base of the epidermis and produce the protein melanin.
Melanin is carried by keratinocytes to the skin surface. However, in milder cases, limited repigmentation has been reported. Picture of skin diseases and problems depigmented patch. Nov 10, 2016 postinflammatory hypopigmentation presents as poorly defined whitening of the skin, which is irregular in outline. However, examination with a woods light, a skin biopsy, and additional laboratory tests may be required if the clinical diagnosis is uncertain. In addition, hypopigmented patches with scaly, raised, erythematous borders were observed on the back, abdomen, legs, thighs, and buttocks figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4. See a picture of and learn about depigmented skin, a type of skin condition, in the emedicinehealth image collection gallery. Reduction in melanin results in pale patches hypopigmentation or hypomelanosis or white patches leucoderma. Hypopigmented macules secondary to imatinib for the treatment of chronic. A welldefined, hypopigmented, irregularly shaped, confluent macules forming a patch that is usually found on the trunk it presents at birth or early in childhood and persists in to adulthood remaining unchanged.
In localized hypopigmentation, there may be multiple patches or areas on. The lesion morphology, color hypopigmented or depigmented. Extensive pityriasis alba is believed to be a primary, acquired hypopigmentation observed in females aged 1825 years of mixed ethnic origin. The clinical picture is often suggestive enough to establish the diagnosis, though confirmation by microscopy can be performed.
This is not to be confused with depigmentation, which is characterized as the. A macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter cm wide. The pigment cells or melanocytes are located at the base of the epidermis and produce the. Multiple autoimmune syndrome with isotopic phenomenon. Pigmentary disorder an overview sciencedirect topics. These effects can occur in spots or may cover your entire body. Druginduced pigmentation phenothiazines, silver, chemotherapy haemochromatosis. Sep 01, 2008 depigmented patches with an annular inflammatory border depigmented patches with an annular inflammatory border swick, b. A clinicoepidemiological study of hypopigmented and depigmented lesions in children and adolescent age group in hadoti region south east rajasthan result showed the most common disorder was pa. Whilst hypopigmentation simply means a lack of pigment in the skin, there can be a number of different causes.
This is due to the fact that the skin lacks the protection it gets from melanin when it is exposed to the sun and it is therefore at risk for developing sunburn and subsequently skin cancers. At 4 weeks after the last injection, the hypopigmented streak stopped progressing and the lesion on the wrist started to repigment. It doesnt involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin. Hypopigmentation white or lighter areas of skin colour. Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin pigment or color. Depigmented patches with an annular inflammatory border. Subsequent skin biopsy revealed a hypopigmented variant of mycosis fungoides. Vitiligo tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor postinflammatory hypopigmentation pityriasis alba idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis chemically induced phenols nevus depigmentosus halo nevi hypomelanosis of ito seborrheic dermatitis intralesional corticosteroids. Hypopigmentation is the loss of skin color due to a disease or trauma. The patient, whose medical history was unremarkable. Melasma can occur in pregnant women and is often called. In focal vitiligo, the amelanotic macules or patches are limited to one or only a few areas. As most malassezia species are lipiddependent, pytiriasis versicolor is commonly seen in adolescence, associated with a high sebaceous activity in the. Hypopigmentation can be upsetting, particularly if visible.
This photo depicts a patch of depigmented skin over the mandible of a patient. A 55yearold white man presented with multiple hypopigmented macules, mainly on both forearms and shins, which had been present for several years. These spots may be present in the absence of hyperpigmentation 8. Skin patches were limited to sunlightcovered body areas. Hypopigmentation is the absence of normal amounts of melanin the chemical that gives skin its color caused by disease, injury, burns or other trauma to the skin. Multiple hypopigmented patches over face clinically. Broad spectrum sunscreens that offer protection from uva and uvb rays should be used by all persons with patches of depigmented or hypopigmented skin. Nevus depigmentosus is a loss of pigment in the skin which can be easily differentiated from vitiligo. Large confluent completely depigmented patches on dorsal hands and distal forearms.
Welldemarcated finely scaling patches, hyper or hypopigmentations are found on clinical examination. This striking phenotype of depigmented patches of skin and hair has been observed throughout history, with the first descriptions dating to early egyptian, greek. On physical examination, speckled, depigmented macules and patches on the eyelids, forehead, cheeks, neck, and hands were appreciated. An infant with hypopigmented macule photo quiz american. This is not to be confused with depigmentation, which is characterized as the absence of all pigment. Picture of skin diseases and problems depigmented patch of skin. This condition is characterized by tan or brown patches, most commonly on the face. A case of childhood onset hypopigmented mycosis fungoides initially diagnosed as vitiligo fc ip and kc lee an adolescent boy presented with hypopigmented patches on the trunk and limbs since childhood and was initially diagnosed as vitiligo. Diffuse or generalized hypopigmentation in early childhood often have a genetic. Although age factor has not much involvement in the nevus depigmentosus but in about 19% of the cases these are noted at birth. Hypopigmentation and depigmentation have been referenced in many ancient.
Inflammatory vitiligo versus hypopigmented mycosis fungoides. Hypopigmentation is characterized specifically as an area of skin becoming lighter than the baseline skin color, but not completely devoid of pigment. The depigmented patches are sharply delineated, surrounded by normal or darker. Interestingly, the hypopigmented patches of bl leprosy were spared, producing an islands of white in a sea of red appearance in our patient. Five patients with type v skin were studied to describe the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment response in hypopigmented mycosis fungoides hmf. Stroking, rubbing, or warming induces erythema of the adjacent normal skin. Vitiligo tinea versicolor pityriasis versicolor postinflammatory hypopigmentation pityriasis alba idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis chemically induced phenols nevus depigmentosus halo nevi hypomelanosis of ito seborrheic dermatitis.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. This is usually several centimetres in diameter, with an irregular but welldefined border. Often the loss of pigment is partial rather than complete. Jun 28, 2011 five patients with type v skin were studied to describe the clinical manifestations, pathological features, and treatment response in hypopigmented mycosis fungoides hmf. Jan 15, 2009 common causes of hyperpigmentation include postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, melasma, solar lentigines, ephelides freckles, and cafeaulait macules.